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| 1941 August |
| | | Nazi experiments are carried out on Jews and Soviet prisoners of war to find effective means of murder by gas | |
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| 1941 October 16 |
| | | Adolf Eichmann, in an official letter about policy in relation to the Jews, uses the phrase 'the final solution' | |
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| 1941 December 7 |
| | | In three adapted vans at Chelmno, in western Poland, the Germans begin using poison gas to kill Jews | |
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| 1942 |
| | | A Jewish girl in Amsterdam, Anne Frank, is given a diary for her thirteenth birthday | |
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| 1942 from March |
| | | German industrial enterprises are moved from the vulnerable Ruhr valley to the slave labour facilities of Auschwitz | |
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| 1943 April 19 |
| | | Jews in Warsaw resist a fierce German onslaught for a month before their ghetto is finally destroyed | |
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| 1944 September |
| | | Raoul Wallenberg, a Swedish diplomat in Budapest, saves thousands of Jews from extermination | |
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| 1945 |
| | | [1939-1945] - by the end of the war the total number of Jews killed by the Nazis is around 6 million | |
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| 1945 |
| | | [1939-1945] - in addition to 6 million Jews, the Nazi death camps have killed some 400,000 Gypsies and 100,000 'useless defectives' | |
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| c. 1947 |
| | | An Arab boy, herding goats in the Qumran desert, finds the first of the Dead Sea Scrolls | |
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